Pivotal regulatory trials in BPS patients with bladder lesions

• Parsons CL, Mulholland SG. Successful therapy of interstitial cystitis with pentosanpolysulfate. J Urol. 1987;138(3):513–16
• Mulholland SG, et al. Pentosan polysulfate sodium for therapy of interstitial cystitis. A double-blind placebo controlled clinical study. Urology. 1990;35(6):552–8
• Parsons CL, et al. A quantitatively controlled method to study prospectively interstitial cystitis and demonstrate the efficacy of pentosan polysulfate. J Urol. 1993;150(3):845–8
• Sant GR, et al. Interstitial Cystitis Clinical Trials Group. A pilot clinical trial of oral pentosan polysulfate and oral hydroxyzine in patients with interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2003;170(3):810–15

Supporting regulatory trials

• Holm-Bentzen M, et al. A prospective double-blind clinically controlled multicenter trial of sodium pentosan polysulfate in the treatment of interstitial cystitis and related painful bladder disease. J Urol. 1987;138(3):503–7
• Nickel JC, et al. Pentosan polysulfate sodium for treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: insights from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Urol. 2015;193:857–62

Meta-analyses

• van Ophoven A, et al. Efficacy of pentosan polysulfate for the treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: results of a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Curr Med Res Opin. 2019;35:1495–503
• Hwang P, et al. Efficacy of pentosan polysulfate in the treatment of interstitial cystitis: a meta-analysis. Urology. 1997;50:39–43

Long-term studies

• Hanno PM. Analysis of long-term elmiron therapy for interstitial cystitis. Urology. 1997;49(Suppl. 5a):93–9
• Al-Zahrani A, Gajewski JB. Long-term efficacy and tolerability of pentosan polysulphate sodium in the treatment of bladder pain syndrome. Can Urol Assoc J. 2011;5:113–18

Other relevant publications

• Verghese TS, et al. Complementary therapies for bladder pain syndrome: a systematic review. Int Urogynecol J. 2015;27:1127–36
• Van de Merwe JP, et al. Diagnostic criteria, classification and nomenclature for painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis: an ESSIC proposal. Eur Urol. 2008;53:60–7
• Hanno P, et al. Bladder pain syndrome international consultation on incontinence. Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/65e2/1ca591824e3eb734e283d2cac21e409d9a13.pdf. Accessed March 2020